A retrospective review of the common childhood illnesses and the indications for antibiotic prescription at community hospital in Malawi

Childhood is a vulnerable period, with illnesses affecting future performance and contribution to society. In developing countries, infections contribute to a larger burden of disease, leading to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. A study analyzed common childhood clinical presentations and antibiotic prescription patterns at St. Gabriel Community Mission Hospital in Malawi. The study found that 2711 children under 15 years of age were included, with 53.9% being males. 30% of cases were attributable to respiratory presentations, while the majority had one antibiotic prescription. Amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for the whole system, while metronidazole was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic among enteric illnesses. The findings suggest that overuse and misuse of antibiotics within community hospitals are linked to limited cytobacteriological testing and access to all categories of antibiotics.